Current study is unique in that the SD retrievals were derived using two different image acquisition modes. In the first, images were taken as UAV was continuously flying and in the second UAV kept its position in air fixed as the photos were taken. Root mean square error of derived SDs is found as 2.43 and 1.79 cm in continuous and fixed acquisitions. The results support the hypothesis, that fixed-position image acquisitions using multi-rotor platforms should enable more accurate SD estimates.

The Alqueva reservoir is located in the southeast of Portugal. This region is facing an increase in droughts and a degradation in water quality mainly due to more frequent and lasting phytoplancton blooms. With satellite remote sensing is possible to monitoring such reservoirs. In this study, Sentinel-2 presents very good estimation for chlorophyll a, cyanobacteria and water turbidity during a micro algae bloom that vanished due to the approximation of hurricane Ophelia to Iberian Peninsula.

In Mediterranean regions, the spatiotemporal evolution of the snow cover can experiment quick changes and high frequency sensors are required to adequately monitor such shifts. This work presents a methodological approach to validate the improved MODIS daily snow cover maps, in a Sierra Nevada (southern Spain), from a reference data set obtained by Landsat TM data. The results show a significantly high correlation between the two snow map products at differents spatial scale.

Our study examined the effects of water transfer, or ecological environmental flows, from one country to another. We studied the impact of a historic, binational, water release, Minute 319 of the 1944 Water Treaty, on vegetative response along the riparian corridor on the lower Colorado River to Mexico. During the spring of 2014, 130 million cubic meters of water were released from the United States to Mexico, allowing water to reach the Gulf of California for the first time in 13 years.

This work investigates the effect of different parameterizations to account for water stress on GPP estimates and their agreement with observations. GPP is estimated with a LUE-model in the footprint of the EC tower using several approaches. The preliminary results obtained during two hydrological years (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) are compared, focusing on specific wet and dry periods.

The temporal series of thematically cartography about irrigated areas and corresponding irrigation water requirements based on remote sensing, is a recognized tool to water governance at different scales. Main products generated for the Spanish mainland, 2014–2017, using a multisensor constellation of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellites are: annual maps of irrigated crops and; monthly and annual maps of remote sensing-based irrigation water accounting by a remote sensing-based soil water balance

This work monitors the water consumed by the vegetation in two watersheds of Southern Spain for two years. An approach based on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and vegetation indices (VIs)-derived canopy coefficients is used (VI-ETo approach). A spatial analysis of ET of the main vegetation types was performed. The annual runoff, estimated with a simple water balance and using the ET, was similar to that obtained by the HBV model, which reproduces the river discharge at the outlet.

Mapping of transpiration T and evaporation E is crucial for assessing plant water use and plant water status at landscape scale. Dual-source energy balance models forced by thermal infrared observations provide separate estimates of E and T but rely on specific assumptions to get both terms from the sole surface temperature. We show here with a synthetic experiment that additional information is thus required, e.g. surface water content that can be derived from radar.